Dr. Shyama Vermeersch, School of Archaeology
Farming and the rise of wealth inequality in the southern Levant during the Bronze (3,600-1,550 BCE) and Iron Ages (1,550-332 BCE)
'The Bronze and Iron Ages in the southern Levant are characterised by the rise of complex urban-based societies and domination by the Ancient Egyptian and Assyrian Empires. Farming and urbanisation processes of these empires—and their relationship to inequality—have been assumed to apply to the southern Levant, but this is untested. The region’s heterarchically organised settlements, lack of overarching social identity, and absence of centralised administrative institutions stand in stark contrast to these neighbouring empires. The impact of taxation and the collapse of empires on local farming, and its effects on inequality, are unknown. Using stable isotope analysis, economics, and (bio)archaeology, I will determine the extent of past empires’ influence and impact on southern Levantine farming, the emergence of lasting social inequalities, and urbanisation. Finally, I will use my results from the past to contribute to present-day discussions on sustainability (in farming and food) by working together with non-profits and NGOs.'